I guess every
self-respecting historian must weigh in a little bit today on the 50th
anniversary of the assassination of President Kennedy. I am not a Kennedy
scholar and while I was alive 50 years ago (just barely! I was only a few weeks
old!) I do not have particular expertise about Kennedy’s legacy…however…that
hasn’t stopped every other reporter, witness, editorialist, somewhat historian and/or
hack from having his or her say about the event and JFK’s legacy…so why should I
not weigh in about the anniversary today???
“Fifty years
from now, they’ll still be arguing about the grassy knoll, the Mafia, some
Cuban crouched behind a stockade fence.”
Those words are
‘lines’ that come from a surreal scene in the Broadway musical, Assassins.
Twenty-something John Wilkes Booth, ninety-eight years dead, is encouraging twenty-something Lee Harvey
Oswald to shoot President John F. Kennedy.
Broadway
composer Stephen Sondheim’s collaborator, John Weidman, wrote those words some
time in 1990, around twenty-seven years after that fateful day in Dallas.
They’d first be heard publicly when Assassins, one of the most unlikely Broadway musicals ever, had its
world premiere production in January, in New York.
And yet, as we today
mark the fiftieth anniversary of the first Kennedy assassination, we see that
these words, more than twenty-two years later, are still painfully accurate.
Over here in
Jordan I get a number of the ABC and NBC news shows, about a day behind airing
in the United States, and there have been tributes galore, interviews, and
stories about every facet of the fabled Kennedy clan, that long ago November,
and of course, that toothy family continues to still provide public servants
and grist for the gossip mill.
But very few have commented on the 50th
anniversary of the Kennedy shooting and what connection there may be with
Broadway musicals. Don’t laugh. If you google JFK right now (I just did about
10 minutes ago, and there are umpteen articles, natch, and many say what this
one headline observed: “Fifty Years After
Camelot, JFK Still Lives In The World’s Imagination.” We are so accustomed to the Kennedy era
designated as “Camelot,” that some have forgotten how that designation came to be.
It came from one of history’s most astute and savvy history-watchers: Jackie
Kennedy.
In case you never knew this story, today
is a good day to recount the genesis of the ‘Camelot’ label. A week after her husband’s murder, on November
29, 1963, Jackie called journalist Theodore White and requested he come meet
her at Hyannis Port where she had spent a somber Thanksgiving with the Kennedy
clan. White had published The Making of the President, a
Pulitzer Prize-winning book about the 1960 presidential campaign, and Jackie
apparently trusted him. She wanted to speak to the American public, she wanted
to do so in the pages of Life magazine, and she wanted
White to write the article. White recounts that Jackie explained how much
President Kennedy loved the then-current Broadway musical hit, Camelot, and she recalled, “At night before we'd go to sleep … Jack liked
to play some records. And the song he loved most came at the very end of this
record, the last side of Camelot: ‘Don’t let it be forgot, that once there was a spot, for one brief
shining moment that was known as Camelot.’ There'll never be another
Camelot again.” Sigh. Jackie very carefully created the line that would become
the hagiography of her husband’s legacy. From a Broadway musical…
White and Jackie spoke alone for several hours that night, White
later commenting that Jackie didn’t want to leave her husband’s legacy in the
hands of historians or journalists. Jackie told White that when Jack was a
young boy he fantasized about being a great Knight, like those of King Arthur’s
Round Table, and performing great deeds. That’s one of the reasons he so loved
Lerner and Loewe’s musical, Camelot.
In the same way that Jack used the media to promote himself and
win over voters in the 1960 presidential race, Jackie used the press to help
spin the mythology she thought fitting for her husband’s life of public
service. She used a Broadway musical.
And of course no one
minds believing that they, too, lived in a Camelot in that earlier time of
America. That is why this date, this assassination, resonates so much with many
Americans. Listen to the reports—how often will we hear of the ‘loss of
innocence’ that Americans suffered 50 years ago today?
Indeed, one of
my favorite acquaintances in New York is a writer named Peter, and he told me
once when he saw the musical Assassins
in 1991, he couldn’t even bear to watch that scene of Lee Harvey Oswald. He
said to me that he may have been oversensitive, “because JFK was a god to me
while he was president. He was elected the year I began high school, and while
Lord knows his family was far richer than mine, I nevertheless identified with
him because I too was raised Roman Catholic and hailed from Massachusetts.”
The scene in
this Broadway musical, John Wilkes Booth emerging out of the darkness with nine
others—both assassins who succeeded in their missions and would-be assassins
who did not—show up at the Texas Book Depository in Dallas to convince Oswald
to shoot the President.
I have watched
this musical four times, and played the cast recording dozens of times—who writes
a musical about the people who fantasized and succeeded in killing American
presidents?????
Yet if art is
meant to provoke, well, then my friends, that scene set 50 years ago today in a
Broadway musical succeeds. Each time I have watched the show (I have seen it on
Broadway, in a high school production, and in community theater renderings) how
well I remember the potent silence in the audience as the scene unfolded. On Broadway, when Oswald actually took the
shot, I can still see, in the row in front of me and a bit to left, a theatergoer’s
hands involuntarily leap up and cover his face in horror. And he wasn’t the
only one.
Besides the
obvious, what is Assassins about?
Does it mock shooting our Presidents? Not in the slightest, but it is not an
easy tale. It begins at a carnival, much like any county fair, at a shooting
gallery. The show then moves from the carnival barker’s introduction to a
chronological survey of the men and women who have attempted and succeeded at
killing American presidents. Composer Sondheim shows a real genius in that each
assassin’s song is composed in a musical style popular at the time of the
shooting.
But it is the
scene in the Texas Book Depository that is the most riveting. We hear Gerald
Ford’s would-be assassin Sara Jane Moore tell Lee Harvey Oswald, “We’re your family,” followed by Ronald
Reagan’s would-be assassin John Hinckley adding, “I respect you,” then James Garfield’s assassin Charles Guiteau
remarking, “I envy you,” and the
iconic John Wilkes Booth demanding, “Make
us proud of you.” Whoa. They encourage Oswald by noting that tomorrow “around the
world, everyone will know your name.” Celebrity. A celebrity-driven culture. Fame. This scene
stands as one of the best-written scenes in the history of musicals.
If, as I said
earlier, art is meant to provoke, the conclusion of the show certainly gives us
pause. The number is called, “Another National Anthem,” in which the assassins
express their intense dissatisfaction with American life. Stephen Sondheim
purposely wrote an ugly, dissonant melody to reflect the anger that these
people felt at not having the American dream delivered to them while it had
wended its way into other homes. What is it about America that creates this
need, spanning a century-and-a-half, to shoot our commanders-in-chief?
This show sparks
visceral reactions. In each performance I have witnessed (except the high
school production!) theatergoers get up and walk out in a huff. (I often
thought, “Don’t you know what this
production is about at all???”) In one production the actors saw the four
women walk out and I swear, the actors increased their volume, intensified
their craziness, played directly to them, stared them down and matched the
ladies step for step until the poor souls stumbled onto the aisle, grateful for
this ribbon of escape.
“You want to shoot a president?” is among the
first lyrics in the show. “How the union
can never recover” and “No, the
country is not what it was” comes in the second song. And then, in that
final number, Booth predicts that the Kennedy assassination will bring “grief beyond imagining.”
So the historicizing will be strong
today. Everyone will assess Kennedy’s strengths as a leader, and the “what if’s”
will be especially strong today. What if
Kennedy had lived???? Would the Civil Rights Movement have gone
differently? Would the United States have pulled out of Vietnam sooner?
No matter what your political stripes,
Kennedy is fascinating and inspiring. Kennedy knew how to create “moments.” One
of the interesting ones from 50 years ago today involve Kennedy travelling from
Fort Worth just a few miles away to Dallas. (The photo above is from a
breakfast 50 years ago this morning in Fort Worth.) President Kennedy insisted
on flying to Dallas (it probably took 90 seconds!) because JFK said that
presidential plane landings always look great!
So today I may play both of the Broadway
musicals I associate with President Kennedy. I will also look at Kennedy’s
political savvy as a possible guide for U.S. policy in the post-9/11 Middle
East. I will look at how Kennedy sought to re-balance hard and soft power and
use the superpower contest as a battle for ideas as well as of strength of
force. And I will remember how brilliant Jackie created the wistful memory for
a nation: ‘Don't let it be forgot, that once there was a spot, for one
brief shining moment that was known as Camelot.’